Membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology has emerged as a cutting-edge solution for wastewater treatment due to its remarkable performance in removing organic matter, nutrients, and suspended solids. Recent advances in MBR design and operation have resulted significant improvements in process efficiency, reliability, and sustainability. These developme
Hollow fiber membrane bioreactors (HFMBRs) are versatile systems widely employed in industrial processes. Their exceptional design, characterized by numerous of hollow fibers serving as both a separation medium and a substrate for microbial growth, enables high-performance synthesis. HFMBRs offer several strengths, including {enhanced{ mass transfe
The effectiveness of Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane bioreactors in treating domestic wastewater has been a subject of extensive research. These membrane systems offer distinct advantages such as high elimination rates for pollutants, compact footprint, and the potential to produce reusable water. This article reviews recent advancements in